Click here to order similar paper @Essaybay.net. 100% Original.Written from scratch by professional writers.

Culture Clashes at SAP

Read the Case: Culture Clashes Make Change Difficult at SAP in chapter 15 of your text book. Use the Argosy University online library and the internet for additional research. Imagine you are an HR consultant called in to advise the leadership at SAP. Prepare a 10 slide PowerPoint presentation to present your responses to the information below. Use the notes section in PowerPoint to clarify your points. Include a title slide and a reference slide in addition to the main slides. Use at least one chart or graph and at least one other visual aid within your presentation. Utilize at least three outside resources to compose your response. Your presentation should be professional and correctly address your target audience.

• Provide an executive summary of the main points of the case. Identify and describe the various cultures and differences in those cultures within SAP’s changing environment and employee workforce.
• In your opinion, what aspects of the changes at SAP would be most difficult for the German employees? Why? Which would be most difficult for the SAP employees in other countries? Why?
• What HRM activities or functions were affected by the changes described in this case?
• Recommend at least 3 ideas or concepts the company can implement to help them overcome cultural barriers that are affecting its efforts to become more creative and agile.
• Propose at least three concrete HR solutions that would improve relations at SAP, resulting in less conflict. Support your proposal with outside research.
• • Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

Click here to order similar paper @Essaybay.net. 100% Original.Written from scratch by professional writers.

Answer both discussion questions in your own words.  1 paragraph is all that is required.

 

1. Explain in your own words, the importance of customer-focused relationship marketing and how it differs from traditional transactional marketing?
2. Is it true that marketers must play the leading role in all stages of the of the website development process. Take a position on this statement and defend your answer fully.

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

Click here to order similar paper @Essaybay.net. 100% Original.Written from scratch by professional writers.

Moss Exports is having a bad year. Net income is only $60,000. Also, two important overseas customers are falling behind in their payments to Moss, and Moss’s accounts receivable are ballooning.

The company desperately needs a loan. The Moss Exports board of directors is considering ways to put the best face on the company’s financial statements. Moss’s bank closely examines cash flow from operations. Daniel Peavey, Moss’s controller, suggests reclassifying as long-term the receivables from the slow-paying clients. He explains to the board that removing the $80,000 rise in accounts receivable from current assets will increase net cash provided by operations. This approach may help Moss get the loan.

1. Using only the amounts given, compute net cash provided by operations, both without and with the reclassification of the receivables. Which reporting makes Moss look better?

2. Under what condition would the reclassification of the receivables be ethical? Unethical? Support your response

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

Click here to order similar paper @Essaybay.net. 100% Original.Written from scratch by professional writers.

EPI Case Study 4: Using Epidemiology

 in a TB Contact Investigation

Estimated Time to Complete Exercise: 1 hour 30 minutes

 

Suggested citation: New Jersey Medical School Global Tuberculosis Institute. /Incorporating Tuberculosis into Public Health Core Curriculum./ 2009: Epidemiology case Study 4: Using Molecular Epidemiology in a TB Contact Investigation STUDENT Version 1.0.

 

This exercise is drawn from an article published in Chest, “Mycobacterium tuberculosis Miniepidemic in a Church Gospel Choir” by Mangura and colleagues. ¹ Specific aspects of the investigation have been altered, with permission from the authors, to assist in meeting the desired teaching objectives.

Students should be aware that this study describes one particular approach to a TB outbreak investigation. Despite nationally published guidelines and recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for conducting contact investigations, the actual practice implemented during these investigations can vary from program to program.

An epidemiologist investigating a TB outbreak works within the framework of an investigative team that includes persons with expertise in epidemiology, microbiology, TB surveillance, and environmental health. It is through the collaborative efforts of this team, with each member playing a critical role that outbreak investigations can result in a positive outcome.

Suggested Reading can be found on the CDC EXCITE website- How to Investigate an Outbreak: http://www.cdc.gov/excite/classroom/outbreak/index.htm

 

PART I. Identifying a Problem

 

This morning (June 21) the local health department (large town health department) received a telephone call from the infection control practitioner (ICP) from a nearby hospital reporting that 2 patients were seen in the emergency department (ED) late yesterday with complaints of fatigue, fever, night sweats, and cough. As part of their work-up, the ED physician ordered chest x-rays for both patients. The health department was informed that, in both cases, the radiology report indicated abnormal findings consistent with TB. As a result, both patients were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of suspected pulmonary TB. Once admitted, sputum samples collected from both patients were read as positive on microscopic smear with final culture identification pending.

 

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

You know that tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually affect the lungs (pulmonary TB) but also can affect any part of the body outside the lungs (extrapulmonary TB) with the most common sites being the lymph nodes, bone, kidney, and pleura. While TB disease was once the leading cause of death in the United States, it can now be treated successfully with appropriate antibiotics. However, if not diagnosed early or not treated appropriately, TB disease can be fatal.

 

You also know that according to the CDC the “presence of acid-fast-bacilli (AFB) on a sputum smear or other specimen often indicates TB disease. Acid-fast microscopy is easy and quick, but it does not confirm a diagnosis of TB because some acid-fast-bacilli are not M. tuberculosis. Therefore, a culture is done on all initial samples to confirm the diagnosis. (However, a positive culture is not always necessary to begin or continue treatment for TB.) A positive culture for M. tuberculosis confirms the diagnosis of TB disease. Culture examinations should be completed on all specimens, regardless of AFB smear results. Laboratories should report positive results on smears and cultures within 24 hours by telephone or fax to the primary health care provider and to the state or local TB control program, as required by law.”² While some microbiology laboratories have access to advanced technology and have the ability to identify TB in a specimen in just a few days, your laboratory requires 4 to 8 weeks for growth and final identification. Therefore, you will need to wait for the results on these 2 suspected cases.

 

Your health department (large town health department) receives calls of suspected TB cases several times a week. At total of 40% of these reports turn out to be negative for TB.

 

Question 1:

What questions should you ask and what information should you collect from the ICP while he/she is on the telephone with you? At this early juncture, should you consider initiating an investigation about these 2 cases?

 

 

 

 

The CDC classifies TB as a notifiable disease. “A notifiable disease is one for which regular, frequent, and timely information regarding individual cases is considered necessary for the prevention and control of the disease.”³

 

Question 2:

At this point, would you consider this an outbreak?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

You decide that the next step you should take is to visit the patients in the hospital, collect information from their medical records, and interview them.

 

Question 3: What should you have as goals in your interviews with these suspected TB cases?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Question 4:What types of questions should you ask the suspected cases?

According to the CDC… “The period of infectiousness is the time period during which a person with TB disease is capable of transmitting M. tuberculosis. Determining the period of infectiousness can help focus the contact investigation efforts on those persons who were exposed while the patient was infectious.”⁴

 

The following guidelines may be used to estimate the beginning of the infectious period.⁵

 

 

The CDC guidelines also state that the period of infectiousness ends when all the following criteria are met⁴:

• Symptoms have improved
• The patient has been receiving adequate treatment for at least 2 to 3 weeks
• The patient has had 3 consecutive negative sputum smears from sputum collected on different days

 

From your interview you are able to learn the following:

 

• Jack Gold, a 62-year-old male who lives at 87 Jefferson Street in Large Town, NJ, has not been feeling well for 2 weeks and for the past 7 days he has been feeling weak, has also had some unexpected weight loss, fever, and cough. Mr. Gold has a history of bladder cancer. He works at Large Company X in Large Town, NJ. His home phone number is 973-555-2233, and he could not remember his work number. Mr. Gold also does not know anyone with similar symptoms, including anyone hospitalized with similar symptoms. Mr. Gold lives with his wife and his 85-year-old father. Mr. Gold was born in the United States and he has never traveled outside North America.

 

 

• Marla Smith is a 47-year-old female who lives at 33 Madison Avenue in Large Town, NJ, and has been sick for 3 weeks. She has been feeling weak, has had some unexpected weight loss, fever, night sweats, and cough. She works at Large Company Y in Large Town, NJ. Her cell phone number is 973-555-1290 and work number is 973-555-1212. Ms. Smith has a history of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity and also indicates that she does not know anyone with similar symptoms, including anyone hospitalized with similar symptoms. Ms. Smith lives with her husband and 2 children, 13 and 17 years of age. Ms. Smith was born in the United States. Ms. Smith has not traveled outside the United States since her children were born. Previously, she had traveled to South America and Europe.

 

You decide to test the families of these 2 individuals for TB infection. The families of these suspected cases were given tuberculin skin tests (TST), and results of all were negative (0 mm). After 4 weeks, you receive the culture results from Mr. Gold and Ms. Smith. As was suspected, you learn from the hospital microbiology department that M. tuberculosis was identified on final culture from both patients. You also learn that genotyping, or DNA fingerprinting results will be available within the next 2 weeks. You know that DNA results represent a valuable piece of information that could potentially link, or not link, these cases to other known cases.

 

Meanwhile a colleague of yours in the TB Control Program happens to tell you about a case that he has been following: a 38-year-old homeless non-U.S. born male who emigrated from Somalia (a high-incidence country) to the United States 1 year ago, named Ali Yusef. Since his arrival, Mr. Yusef has worked as a church custodian. The patient complained of having a productive cough for 1 month prior to his being hospitalized on May 3 and reported a history of pneumonia and malnutrition. A cavitary chest x-ray coupled with a positive sputum smear raised suspicions of TB and, as a result, appropriate TB treatment was prescribed. The diagnosis of TB was confirmed when M. tuberculosis was identified on final culture. Upon discharge from the hospital with 3 negative sputum smears, Mr. Yusef was placed in a homeless shelter and provided directly observed therapy (DOT) by health department staff. Outpatient care is currently being provided by the local health department clinic.

 

When the DNA results become available, you are informed that not only do the 2 culture isolates (from Mr. Gold and Ms. Smith) possess the same banding pattern (see Figure 1 below), but they also match a third person (Mr. Yusef) who was previously identified in Large Town in early June as a confirmed TB case. In addition, according to a search through a national DNA database, the strain profile of all 3 cases indicates that they are most commonly found in Africa.

 

The IS6110 RFLP analysis is one technique used to explore the molecular epidemiology of M. tuberculosis complex. IS6110 RFLP analysis is done by inserting an IS6110 probe into the DNA, which then attaches to a specific enzyme, called a restrictive enzyme, whose location is unique to each strain of TB. The size of each fragment depends on its distance from this site to the next restrictive enzyme and the location of each of these restrictive enzymes can be measured to see if the samples taken from each patient have the same or similar strains.⁶

 

 

Figure 1. IS6110 RFLP analysis of cases 1, 2, and 3

 

Cases 2 and 3	Index/Source Case 1*
*” the first case or instance of a patient coming to the attention of health authorities” 7

 

Since Mr. Yusef emigrated from Somalia (remember neither Mr. Gold nor Ms. Smith have traveled outside the country recently), the DNA strain that they all share is most commonly found in Africa and Mr. Yusef was diagnosed with TB much earlier than the other 2 cases, we can assume that Mr. Yusef is the index case (the first case of the disease in an outbreak).  We will refer to Mr. Yusef as Case 1 for the remainder of this investigation.

 

This new information provides molecular evidence that Case 1 appears to be the source or index to Cases 2 and 3. With this new information, it has been decided that follow-up interviews with all 3 cases should be initiated to not only review previously collected information but to focus in-depth on establishing a common link (person, place, and time) between the cases that may not only provide an exposure site but could potentially lead to the identity of additional contacts and cases. Follow-up interviews reveal that the common link shared among all 3 cases was that they are all congregants of the same church and that all 3 cases are members of the church choir.

 

You now decide to combine and organize into a line listing information collected on all three cases starting with the first confirmed case, Mr. Yusef. You organize the information that you have collected into a line list.

 

 

Question 5: Complete the line list below for the confirmed cases.

 

Table 2. Line list for confirmed cases

ID	TB Status	Name	Age/ Sex	Smear/Culture	Phone #s	Address	Place of Employment	Symptoms/ Chest X-Ray	Date Onset	Med Hx	Social Environment
1	Confirmed	Ali Yusef	38/M	+/+	None	Homeless/ from Somalia	Church			Pneumonia, malnutrition	Church choir
2	Confirmed	Jack Gold	62/M								Church choir
3	Confirmed	Marla Smith	47/F								Church choir

 

 

Question 6:

Is this an outbreak? Provide your reasons.

 

 

Question 7:

What are the steps you should take in investigating this outbreak?

 

 

Your supervisor suggests that you use a concentric circle analysis in your investigation.⁴ The concentric circle approach (Figure 2) is a method of testing contacts by their exposure time and risk, with those at highest risk of infection or disease tested first. In this approach, the original TB patient (the index case) is at the center. The circle is divided into 3 concentric rings to represent the 3 levels of risk: high, medium, and low. The circle is also divided, like a pie, into segments that represent the 3 types of environment where the exposure may have taken place: household or residential, work or school, leisure or recreation environments.

 

Figure 2. Concentric circle approach⁴

 

 

Question 8:

The purpose of this investigation is to identify any additional cases of TB and individuals who may have been infected by these cases. What is your “case definition” for transmission in this investigation? Remember acomplete case definition should include information on person, place, time, and clinical characteristics.

 

 

 

 

The Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) may be used to determine if a person has TB infection. A TST is available at the health department or at a doctor’s office. A health care worker injects a small amount of testing fluid (called tuberculin or PPD) just under the skin on the underside of the forearm. After 48 to 72 hours, the patient must return to have the skin test read by the health care worker. He/she may have a swelling-called induration-where the tuberculin was injected. The health care worker will measure this induration and explain to the patient whether the results are positive or negative. A positive reaction usually means that the patient has been infected with the TB bacteria. If a person has recently spent time with and been exposed to someone with active TB disease, his/her TST reaction may not yet be positive. He/she may need a second skin test 8 to 10 weeks after the last date of exposure to the TB patient because it can take several weeks after infection for the immune system to react to the TST. If a person’s reaction to the second test is negative, he/she is considered not infected.¹⁰

 

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

Question 9:

At this point, who needs to be tested for transmission of TB, through a TST?

 

 

 

 

PART II. Outbreak Investigation

 

A choir list was matched to the state TB registry and 2 additional confirmed cases of TB within the choir were identified and their information was added to the line listing below:
Table 3. Updated Line List of M tuberculosis Clinical Cases in Large Town Church Choir

ID	TB Status	Name	Age/Sex	Smear/Culture	Phone #s	Address	Place of Employment	Symptoms/Chest X-ray	Date Onset	Med Hx
1	Confirmed	Ali Yusef	38/M	+/+	None	Homeless/ from Somalia	Church	Cough/+	April?	Pneumonia, malnutrition
2	Confirmed	Jack Gold	62/M	+/+	973-555-2233	87 Jefferson St. Large Town, NJ	Large Company X Large Town, NJ	Some unexpected weight loss, fever, cough/+	June 7	Bladder Cancer
3	Confirmed	Marla Smith	47/F	+/+	973-555-1290 973-555-1212	33 Madison Ave., Large Town, NJ	Large Company Y Large Town, NJ	Unexpected weight loss, fever, night sweats, cough/+	June 1	Hypertension, diabetes, obesity
4	Confirmed	James Jones	48/M	+/+				Unexpected weight loss, cough	June 20
5	Confirmed	Mark Carlen	52/M	+/+					June 25	Hypertension

 

 

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

Table 3.— continued

ID	TB Status	Name	Choir	Vocal Range	DNA testing	Other
1	Confirmed	Ali Yusef	8 a.m. and 11 a.m.	Tenor	African-continent strain
2	Confirmed	Jack Gold	11 a.m.	Tenor	African-continent strain
3	Confirmed	Marla Smith	11 a.m.	Alto	African-continent strain
4	Confirmed	James Jones	8 a.m.	Tenor	Not done	Commuted to choir practice with Case 1
5	Confirmed	Mark Carlen	11 a.m.	Tenor	Not done

 

 

 

Question 10:

Are Cases 4 and 5 epidemiologically linked to the other cases? (Look at Table 3 above)

 

 

The suspected index case (Case 1) is a tenor in the 8 and 11a.m. church choirs. In the winter months, he was occasionally driven to church with Case 4, a tenor in the church choir. There were 5 different choir groups totaling approximately 300 to 500 members (per an outdated choir list). Aggregate and separate choir practices were held once a week in the church or in its basement with 3 separate choir groups singing together or in staggered time periods.

 

Choir groups were labeled as to the time the choir sang in church each Sunday (8 a.m.  choir and 11 a.m.  choir). Choir members’ ages ranged from 5 to 70 years. The adult choirs rehearsed together once a week; on average, rehearsal time was 1 hour. Many choir members lived in other urban or suburban communities away from the church location. Commuting together usually was sporadic and ad hoc. The church and choir members were largely working, middle class African-Americans.

 

Part III. Analysis

 

Question 11:

Can you develop a hypothesis regarding this outbreak?

 

 

Only 300 of the assumed total of 500 choir members were accessible and available for tuberculin testing. Nonchoir church members were not tested. The entire church building including the stage and basement where all the choirs rehearsed was inspected for contributory factors (such as ventilation outlets) to environmental transmission.

 

 

Question 12:  

What was the response/cooperation rate of the choir members, assuming there were 500 choir members? Why is this important?

 

 

 

 

It could not be ascertained for certain where transmission occurred, but the main church’s choir loft, where most rehearsals occurred, was considered the most likely location for cases 1, 2, 3, and 5. Transmission to Case 4 could have occurred in the choir loft during joint practice or while commuting with Case 1. The basement, where some transmission could have occurred, had air conditioning units with 8 air outlets from a dropped ceiling. Air was re-circulated.

 

Of the 300 traced choir members tested, 120 belonged to the 11 a.m.  choir; 25 members of the 120 11 a.m.  choir members were TST reactors; 12 of the 25 reactors were tenors and 12 of 36 tenors were reactors.

 

 

Question 13:

Use the data from the 120 11 a.m.  choir members who received TSTs to create a contingency table to look for an association between vocal range (as a proxy for location/exposure to the index case in the choir) and skin test result. Assume that the group has been assembled based on their exposure status and that level of exposure is stratified by vocal range (tenor vs nontenor) because the index case was a tenor. These 120 choir members received TSTs and when the data is available, populate this table.

 

TST Results

Vocal Range	+ (Reactor)	– (Nonreactor)
Tenor
Nontenor
Total			120

 

 

 

 

 

 

Part IV. Control and Prevention of an Epidemic

 

Question 14:

What preventive measures would you recommend for those who had a positive TST, but did not have any other sign of disease?

 

 

 

 

 

Question 15:

Based on the pathogenicity–the ability of an agent to cause disease after infection, measured as the proportion of persons infected by an agent who then experience clinical disease–⁸ of TB, do you recommend future TSTs and studies?

 

 

 

 

 

Part V. Conclusion

Ten weeks after the initial tuberculin testing, 86 of the 11 a.m.  nonreactor choir members were retested. Two new reactors (both tenors) were found and given treatment for latent TB infection. No additional cases were found. It should also be noted that the sopranos who sat directly in front of the tenors, separated by the floor air outlet-intake vents, did not have TB, and few sopranos had positive TST results.

Works Cited

 

1. Mangura BT, Napolitano EC, McDonald RJ, Passannante MR, Reichman LB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis miniepidemic in a church gospel choir. Chest. 1998;113:234-237.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fact sheets: diagnosis of tuberculosis disease. http://www.cdc.gov/tb/pubs/tbfactsheets/diagnosis.htm Accessed April 15, 2009.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  Summary of notifiable diseases- United States, 2006.  MMWR. 2008;55:1-94.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Module 6: contact investigations for tuberculosis. http://www.cdc.gov/tb/education/ssmodules/pdfs/6.pdf Accessed July 23, 2009..
5. California Department of Health Services Tuberculosis Control Branch; California Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Contact Investigation Guidelines. Berkeley, CA: California Department of Health Services; 1998.
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guide to the application of genotyping to tuberculosis prevention and control. www.cdc.gov/…/Chap3/3_CDCLab_2Description.htm  Accessed April 15, 2009.
7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Workforce and Career Development, Career Development Division, Atlanta, GA 30333. Technical content by: Richard C. Dicker, MD, MSc, Lead Author, Fatima Coronado, MD, MPH, Denise Koo, MD, MPH and Roy Gibson Parrish, II, MD, Published by the Public Health http://www.cdc.gov/excite/library/glossary.htm#P  Accessed July 23, 2009.
8. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Workforce and Career Development, Career Development Division, Atlanta, GA 30333. Technical content by: Richard C. Dicker, MD, MSc, Lead Author, Fatima Coronado, MD, MPH, Denise Koo, MD, MPH and Roy Gibson Parrish, II, MD, Published by the Public Health http://www.cdc.gov/excite/library/glossary.htm#P  Accessed April 15, 2009.
9. Michael GB. Field Epidemiology. Second Edition. New York: Oxford Press, 2002.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Q&A: About TB, 2009.http://www.cdc.gov/tb/faqs/default.htm Accessed April 15, 2009.
11. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 161:S221-S247.
12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care facilities, 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994; 43:1-132.

 

 

 

 

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

Click here to order similar paper @Essaybay.net. 100% Original.Written from scratch by professional writers.

Click here to order similar paper @Essaybay.net. 100% Original.Written from scratch by professional writers.

Q1.The Hyatt Company is trying to decide whether it should purchase new equipment and continue to make its subassemblies internally or if production should be discontinued and the subassembly purchased from an outside supplier. Either way production can not continue using the current equipment.

           

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

            New equipment for producing the subassemblies can be purchased at a cost of $400,000. The equipment would have a five-year useful life (the company uses straight-line depreciation) and a $50,000 salvage value.

           

            Alternatively, the subassemblies could be purchased from an outside supplier. The supplier has offered to provide the subassemblies for $9 each under a five-year contract.

           

            Hyatt Company’s present costs per unit of producing the subassemblies internally (with the old equipment) are given below. The costs are based on a current activity level of 40,000 subassemblies per year:

           

Direct Materials	$ 3.00
Direct Labour	$ 4.20
Variable Overhead	$ 0.60
Fixed Overhead ($0.80 supervision, $0.90 depreciation,
and $2 general company overhead)	$ 3.70
Total Cost per Unit	$11.50

 

            The new equipment would be more efficient and would reduce direct labour costs and variable overhead costs by 25%. Supervision cost ($30,000 per year) and direct materials cost per unit would not be affected by the new equipment. The company has no other use for the space now being used to produce the subassemblies. The company’s total general company overhead would not be affected by this decision. Assume direct labour is a variable cost.

          

 

            Required:

            Assume that 40,000 subassemblies are needed each year. Prepare an analysis of the two alternatives and make a recommendation to the management of the company of the appropriate course of action. (10 Marks)

 

 

 

___________________________________________________________________________________

           

     Q2.Benjamin Signal Company produces products R, J, and C from a joint production process. Each product may be sold at the split-off point or be processed further. Joint production costs of $92,000 per year are allocated to the products based on the relative number of units produced. Data for Benjamin’s operations for the current year are as follows:

           

 

 

            Product R can be processed beyond the split-off point for an additional cost of $26,000 and can then be sold for $105,000. Product J can be processed beyond the split-off point for an additional cost of $38,000 and can then be sold for $117,000. Product C can be processed beyond the split-off point for an additional cost of $12,000 and can then be sold for $57,000.

           

            Required:

            Which products should be processed beyond the split-off point? (10 marks – show your work)

 

 

  _________________________________________________________________________________________________         

 

     Q3.Madison Optometry is considering the purchase of a new lens grinder to replace a machine that was purchased several years ago. Selected information on the two machines is given below:

           

             

           

            Ignore income taxes and the time value of money in this problem.

           

            Required:

           

           Compute the total advantage or disadvantage of using the new machine instead of the old machine over the next four years. (10 marks)

 

 

            Be careful with depreciation in this question. You are looking at the decision in terms of cashflows rather than traditional accounting expense recording. Depreciation is designed to recover, over time, the cash expended for an asset purchase.

 

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

          

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

     Q4.Kramer Company makes 4,000 units per year of a part called an axial tap for use in one of its products. Data concerning the unit production costs of the axial tap follow:

           

Direct Materials	$35
Direct Labour	$10
Variable Manufacturing Overhead	$ 8
Fixed Manufacturing Overhead	$20
Total Manufacturing Cost per Unit	$73

 

            An outside supplier has offered to sell Kramer Company all of the axial taps it requires. If Kramer Company decided to discontinue making the axial taps, 40% of the above fixed manufacturing overhead costs could be avoided [think carefully as to what cost amount will ultimately have to be consider in the decision. Often a cost avoided means that under one decision option that is the cost to be factored in. Don’t be thrown off by the terminology ‘avoided’]. Assume that direct labour is a variable cost.

           

            Required:

           

            a) Assume Kramer Company has no alternative use for the facilities presently devoted to production of the axial taps. If the outside supplier offers to sell the axial taps for $65 each, should Kramer Company accept the offer? Fully support your answer with appropriate calculations. (8 marks)

            b) Assume that Kramer Company could use the facilities presently devoted to production of the axial taps to expand production of another product that would yield an additional contribution margin of $80,000 annually. What is the maximum price Kramer Company should be willing to pay the outside supplier for axial taps? (2 marks)

 

 

 

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

           

Q5Iaci Company makes two products from a common input. Joint processing costs up to the split-off point total $42,000 a year. The company allocates these costs to the joint products on the basis of their total sales values at the split-off point. Each product may be sold at the split-off point or processed further. Data concerning these products appear below:

	Product X	Product Y	Product Z
Allocated joint processing costs	$22,400	$19,600	$42,000
Sales value at split off point	$32,000	$28,000	$60,000
Cost of further processing	$11,600	$25,300	$36,900
Sales value after further processing	$40,800	$54,200	$95,000

Required:

a) What is the net monetary advantage (disadvantage) of processing Product X beyond the split-off point? (4 marks)

b) What is the net monetary advantage (disadvantage) of processing Product Y beyond the split-off point? (4marks)

c) What is the minimum amount the company should accept for Product X if it is to be sold at the split-off point? (1 Mark)

d) What is the minimum amount the company should accept for Product Y if it is to be sold at the split-off point? (1 mark)

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

Click here to order similar paper @Essaybay.net. 100% Original.Written from scratch by professional writers.

Click here to order similar paper @Essaybay.net. 100% Original.Written from scratch by professional writers.

“Supervisors” Please respond to the following: • Consider a situation where you have been directed to control the change process for your organization and you encounter a supervisor who is extremely resistant to change. Even though the change may bring about new profits, his view is “if it isn’t broke, don’t fix it.” He is also convinced that the change will make his job and the jobs of his team members, obsolete, which is not the case. Describe the steps that you would take to deal with the resistance to change. Explain why you believe those steps would be effective in convincing the supervisor that the change will benefit all parties involved in the long run. • Put yourself in the shoes of the supervisor. Describe the type of information you would need to be presented with in order to lessen your resistance to the change being proposed. Then, argue whether or not the same level of information is needed for personnel at each level. Justify your argument.

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

Click here to order similar paper @Essaybay.net. 100% Original.Written from scratch by professional writers.

Part 1:   Please write a brief (200 word essay each) on 2 of the following eight essay topics:   1. How is one to be saved or make a successful transition to the afterlife in the six NRMs? 2. What does Bednarowski mean when she says that the afterlives in all six traditions are progressive? 3. What is the nature of death in the six NRMs? 4. What happens after death to individual personality, personal relationships, and family relationships in the six traditions? 5. How do the six NRMs approach the ethical issues of personal behavior, especially sexuality? 6. How do the six NRMs approach the ethical issues surrounding families? 7. How do the six NRMs approach global issues (e.g. war, poverty, environmental problems, etc.)? 8. Which of the NRMs feel they have an ethical responsibility for the state of the universe, and why?   Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN Part 2:

Please write a brief (200 word essay each) on 2 of the following four essay topics:   1. Why do you think Dawson is so keen to guard against social scientific reductionism? 2. Why does Dawson argue that knowing the social context out of which NRMs emerge is important for understanding NRMs? 3. Compare and contrast Berger’s theory of secularization with Stark and Bainbridges’ theory of secularization. 4. Ouline and discuss the elements of Dawson’s typology of NRMs (what he calls ‘cults’).   Part 3:   Wright a 2 page paper on what you learned about the Early Buddhist tradition and culture. The emergent Mahayana tradition utlized texts from the Tripitaka to create new conceptions of buddhas and bodhisattvas wright about the early ages of Buddhist culture and traditions.   Part 4:  Write a paragraph or 2 I need this part by firday and I need everything else done by Saturdy. Buddhism has been seen by many Western thinkers as a variant of psychology. What psychological concepts are, at least in part, due to Buddhist inspiration? What psychologists and philosophers were influenced by Buddhism.   Part 5:   Primary readings for this module deal with three cases of NRMs that ended in violence: the People’s Temple, the Branch Davidians, and the UFO cult, Heaven’s Gate. As you read these documents, think about wether you can identify the factors that Dawson argues predispose an NRM to violence. In the three case studies (the People’s Temple, the Branch Davidians, Heaven’s Gate), what was the role of apocalyptic thinking in their violent end? In the three case studies (the People’s Temple, the Branch Davidians, Heaven’s Gate), what was the role of charismatic leadership in their violent end? In the three case studies (the People’s Temple, the Branch Davidians, Heaven’s Gate), what was the role of social encapsulation in their violent end?

 

• Need a Professional Writer to Work on this Paper and Give you Original Paper? CLICK HERE TO GET THIS PAPER WRITTEN

Click here to order similar paper @Essaybay.net. 100% Original.Written from scratch by professional writers.