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1. For each of the following (a through d), indicate which is a variable and which is a constant:
a. The number of minutes in an hour. Constant
b. Systolic blood pressure Variable
c. Blood type Constant
d. The number of days in a week Constant
2. For eachof the following research questions, identify the independentvariable and the dependentvariable within each case (a through e):
a. Does a person’s age affect psychological adjustment following burn
injury?
IV: Person’s age effect psychological adjustment
DV: Psychological adjustment
b. How do physically handicapped children differ from nonhandicapped children with respect to health concepts?
IV: Difference between a handicapped and non-handicapped child
DV: Health conflicts
c. Do patients who administer their own pain medication have lower pain ratings than patients whose pain medication is administered by a nurse?
IV: Self-administration vs The Nurse (who administer the medication)
DV: Pain rating
d. Does the statea person lives in affect their weight?
IV: State
DV: Weight
e. How does a bonnet compare to a stockinette in preventing heat loss in newborns?
IV: Comparing bonnet and Stokinette
DV: Preventing heat lost
3. For each of the variables listed below, indicate which is discrete and which is continuous:
a. Number of patients in an ICU ward.
b. Length of a chin implant
c. HDL cholesterol reading
d. Amount of time spent sleeping Continuous
e. Body temperature measured in Fahrenheit
f. Self-esteem as measured on a 10-question scale Discrete
g. Number of conjoined twins born in a year in a hospital
4. For each of the variables listed below, indicate whether the measure is nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio:
a. Degrees, on the Celsius scale
b. Student’s class rank
c. Number of cancerous lymph nodes detected in a patient
d. Respiratory rate
e. Religious preference
f. Military rank
g. Type of delivery (vaginal vs cesarean)
h. IQ test score
5. The following data represent the number of times that a sample of residents in nursing homes who were aged 80 or older fell during a 12 month period.
3 3 4 1 0 2 0 1 2 0
4 0 0 3 2 6 0 0 0 1
0 2 1 0 1 1 3 2 1 0
1 3 1 1 0 4 6 7 0 1
Construct a frequency distribution for this set of data, showing the absolute frequencies, relative frequencies, and cumulative relative frequencies.
6. Using information from the frequency distribution in Exercise 5, answer the following:
a. What percentage of the nursing home residents had at least 1 fall?
b. What number of falls was the most frequent in this sample?
c. What number of falls was least frequent in this sample?
d. What percentage of residents had 2 or fewer falls?
e. What is the total size of the sample?
f. Are there any outliers in this data set?
7. Would it be advantageous to group the data in Exercise 5 before constructing a frequency distribution? Why or why not?
8. Draw a graphic of the frequency distribution of the data in Exercise 5 using StatCrunch. Copy and Paste your graphic from StatCrunch into your Word document submission. Describe the shape of the frequency distribution in terms of modality and skewness. Is the number of falls normally distributed?
9. The following set of numbers represent the scores of 30 psychiatric inpatients on a widely used measure of depression. What are the mean, median, and mode for these data?
41 27 32 24 21 28 22 25 35 27
31 40 23 27 29 33 42 30 26 30
27 39 26 34 28 38 29 36 24 37
If the values of the mean, median, and mode are not the same, discuss what this suggests about the shape of the distribution. Construct a Graphic of the distribution of this data using StatCrunch to prove your point. Copy and Paste your graphic from StatCrunch into your Word document submission.
10. The following 10 data values are systolic blood pressure readings. Compute the mean, range, standard deviation, and variance for these data using StatCrunch. Copy and Paste your work from StatCrunch into your Word document submission.
130 125 160 120 170
120 150 140 160 140
11. For each blood pressure in Exercise 10, compute a Z score.
12. The following data designate whether patients in two groups (experimental and control) complied with a medication regimen. The experimental group participated in an intervention designed to promote perceived mastery over health events:
Control group
Patient #
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Complied
yes
no
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
no
Experimental group
Patient #
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Complied
yes
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
no
yes
yes
no
no
yes
Using StatCrunch, construct a contingency table for these data, computing both row and column percentages for each of the four cells. Copy and Paste your StatCrunch table into your Word document submission.
13. Below are the values for diastolic and systolic blood pressure for 10 people:
Diastolic: 90 80 90 78 76 78 80 70 76 74
Systolic: 130 126 140 118 114 112 120 110 114 116
Using StatCrunch, construct a scatterplot that shows the relationship between the two variables. Copy and Paste your work from StatCrunch into your Word document submission. Verbally describe the direction and magnitude of the relationship.
14. Compute the correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) in StatCrunch to summarize the relationship for the data presented in Exercise 13. How accurate was your description?
15. Below are Global carbon dioxide concentrations and the measured change in Global temperature (Temperature Anomaly) for an 11 year period in our recent past:
YEAR
CO2 Concentration (ppm)
Temperature Anomaly (ºC)
1981
339.93
.043
1982
341.13
.022
1983
342.78
.097
1984
344.42
.074
1985
345.90
.091
1986
347.15
.066
1987
348.93
.267
1988
351.48
.155
1989
352.91
.267
1990
354.19
.509
1991
355.59
.430
Using StatCrunch, construct a scatterplot that shows the relationship between the two variables (carbon dioxide concentrations and the measured change in Global temperature). Calculate the rvalue using StatCrunch. Copy and Paste your work from StatCrunch into your Word document submission. Verbally describe the direction and magnitude of the relationship you find. What does this tell you about Global warming?