1. Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes and other thinkers such as Heraclitus and Parmenides
are known as the Pre-Socratics.
A. True
B. False
2. __________maintains that object no not exist apart from being perceived.
A. Thales
B. Berkeley
C. Anaximander
D. Heraclitus
3. Berkeley claims that God constantly perceives reality, and thus gives it ultimate existence.
A. True
B. False
4. An Anthropomorphic account of reality explains things by appealing to cultural terms.
A. True
B. False
5. The basic idea underlying Plato’s understanding of the nature of reality is that ideas
are more real than the objects that present themselves to our senses.
A. True
B. False
6. The philosophical tradition that Plato represents is called materialism.
A. True
B. False
7. The philosophical approach to knowledge known as ________claims that knowledge
comes from sensory experiences.
A. Empiricism
B. Rationalism
C. Determinism
D. None of the above
Unit 3 Examination
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Introduction to Philosophy
8. Hume thinks that to the extent that knowledge is possible, it ultimately depends
on___________.
A. The senses
B. The truth
C. Our Knowledge
D. Our beliefs
9. Hume uses the example of a billiard ball hitting another to question the concept of
causality.
A. True
B. False
10. Gilbert Ryle uses the term ___________ to describe an error in logical categories, otherwise
known as “comparing apples to oranges.”
A. Category mistake
B. False logic
C. False truth
D. Error in thought
11. “A triangle has three sides” is an example of an analytic statement.
A. True
B. False
12. Kant tried to synthesize the epistemological views of the rationalists and empiricists.
A. True
B. False
13. Locke states that qualities like color, taste, and smell are primary qualities of an object,
and are not processed by the mind.
A. True
B. False
14. The problem of evil is taken up in the Bible in the book of job.
A. True
B. False
Unit 3 Examination
138
Introduction to Philosophy
15. Aquinas defi nes _________ as potentialities becoming actualized.
A. Motion
B. Sense of self
C. Our soul
D. energy
16. A rationalistic argument concerning God’s existence claims that by merely contemplating
the notion of God as “that-than-which-nothing-greater-can-be-thought,” we
become aware that God must exist.
A. True
B. False
17. ___________claims the fear is the basis of religion, that people “accept religion on
emotional grounds.”
A. Bertrand Russell
B. David Hume
C. Thomas Aquinas
D. Saint Anselm
18. David Hume dismisses such arguments about God’s existence from causality with the
claim that the material universe itself might be a necessarily existent being, which
means there is no need for a “fi rst cause.”
A. True
B. False
19. Anselm’s discussion of the possibility of God’s existence relies on empirical evidence
alone.
A. True
B. False
20. Marx calls the type of work that characterizes capitalism_____________.
A. Alienated labor
B. Punishment
C. Forces Labor
D. None of the above
Unit 3 Examination
139
Introduction to Philosophy
21. _________ is an essentially deterministic principle which is, paradoxically, based on
the idea of individual free choice.
A. Karma
B. Rebirth
C. Free will
D. Spiritual life
22. The Supreme Buddha was a prince from fi fth century B.C. Nepal who became a great
spiritual leader.
A. True
B. False
23. _______________ is the Buddhist idea that because the task of spiritual development
is too complex to accomplish in one lifetime, we live many lives.
A. Karma
B. Rebirth
C. Free will
D. Spiritual life
24. The Buddhist conception of the self is the source of the way the self is understood in
Western philosophy.
A. True
B. False
25. Unlike Western religions, Buddhism emphasizes the importance of practicing meditation
as an important way to foster spiritual development.
A. True
B. False

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