Plus, provide a reference for each question.

1. Freud suggests that difficulty in any stage of development can cause abnormal sexual behavior. Do you agree? Why or why not?

2. From the psychodynamic viewpoint, the presence of an uncaring mother or the absence of a mother could adversely affect one or more stages of lifespan development. From a modern-day vantage point with its wealth of research and resources, will the presence of an uncaring mother or the absence of a mother necessarily affect the interpersonal relationships of an individual later in life? Why or why not?

3. According to Freud, healthy adults successfully progress through the first four of five stages of psychosexual development and then persist in the final stage. Which stage of psychosexual development do you believe is the most influential in sexual identity? Why? Do you agree or disagree with Freudian theory as applied to gender identity issues? Why?

4. One of the keys of psychoanalytic theory is the idea that problems in one of the psychosexual stages could result in dysfunctional behavior later in life. Can the Freudian theory of psychosexual development be accurately applied to a contemporary society based upon the post-modern worldview? Why or why not?