Write a report which discusses and evaluates the methodology and ethical issues associated with psychological research.
Research methods used in psychology
Psychologists have used in the past and continue to use today a wide range of research methods in psychological investigations which provide techniques and help them

to gather and make sense of their data. From their investigations, data is collected in two forms which are quantitative (data expressed in the form of numbers e.g.

time in seconds) and qualitative (data is expressed in a descriptive manner e.g. in verbal reports how research participants feel about something). Researchers aim to

discover facts about the world by using systematic and objective methods of investigation. In an experiment the relation between two things is investigated by

deliberately producing a change in the independent variable (IV) and recording what effect this has on dependant variable (DV).
Experiment Methods
Experimental methods are usually carried out in the laboratory, field and in the natural. The non- experimental methods are as: controlled observation, naturalistic

observation, and participant observation. This essay is going to look at one of the experiment method which is; the laboratory experiment which gives the researcher

complete control over the experiment, and a non-experimental method which is the naturalistic observation; it involves the researcher in the recording of behaviour in

its natural setting.
The laboratory experiment, considered to be a quantitative research method, is used very widely as a research tool in psychology. It provides researchers with a good

and highest possible level of control over variables. Advantages are: a study can be replicated by other researchers. It is possible to determine the cause and effect

relationship between IV and DV, and easier to use technical equipment in a laboratory. Disadvantages are that the results may be affected by experimenter bias where an

experimenter’s expectations about the study can affect results and volunteer bias where the participants may be influenced by these expectations. Psychologists say

that total control is never possible. Since the laboratory experiment is an artificial situation, results may not be generalised to real life, in psychological terms

it is called ecological or external validity. Participants may try to manipulate the results, if they get to know the purposes and demands of the experiment.

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